Timeline of the Russian Revolutions 1906 - 1913

1906 January†¢ January 9-10: Vladivostok experiences an armed uprising.†¢ January 11: Rebels create the Vladivostok Republic.†¢ January 19: The Vladivostok Republic is overturned by Tsarist forces. February†¢ February 16: The Kadets condemn strikes, land seizures and the Moscow Uprising as they try to secure the new political scene against further revolution.†¢ February 18: New punishments for those seeking to undermine government offices and agencies by verbal or written inaccuracy.†¢ February 20: Tsar announces the structure of the State Duma and State Council. March†¢ March 4: Provisional Rules guarantee rights of assembly and of association; this and the Duma allows political parties to legally exist in Russia; many form. April†¢ April: Stolypin becomes Minister of Interior.†¢ April 23: Fundamental Laws of the Empire published, including the creation of the State Duma and State Council; the former is composed of 500 delegates drawn from every Russian region and class. The Laws are cleverly written to meet the October Promises, but not diminish the Tsars power.†¢ April 26: Provisional Laws abolish preliminary censorship.†¢ April 27: The First State Duma opens, boycotted by the left. June†¢ June 18: Hertenstein, a Duma Deputy of the Kadet party, is killed by the Union of Russian People. July†¢ July 8: The first Duma is deemed too radical by the Tsar and is closed.†¢ July 10: Vyborg Manifesto, when radicals - mainly Kadets - call for the people to snub the government via a tax and military boycott. The people dont and the 200 Duma signatories are tried; from this point, the Kadets separate themselves from the views of the people.†¢ July 17-20: Sveaborg Mutiny.†¢ July 19-29: Further mutiny in Kronstadt. August†¢ August 12: Fringe SRs bomb Stolypins summer home, killing over 30 people - but not Stolypin.†¢ August 19: The government creates a special court-martial to deal with political incidents; over 60,000 are executed, imprisoned or exiled by the system. September†¢ September 15: The government orders its local branches to use any means in maintaining public order, including aiding loyalist groups; political parties are threatened by the Tsar.†¢ September - November: Members of the St. Petersburg Soviet tried. Thanks to Trotskys grandstanding, few are convicted, but he is exiled. 1907†¢ January 30: Union of Russian Peoples try to murder Witte. †¢ February 20: The Second State Duma opens, dominated by the left who cease their boycott.†¢ March 14: Iollos, a Duma Deputy of the Kadet party, is killed by the Union of Russian People.†¢ May 27: Union of Russian Peoples try to murder Witte again.†¢ 3 June: The Second Duma is also deemed too radical and closed; Stolypin alters the Duma voting system in favor of the wealthy and landed in a move branded his coup detat.†¢ July: Stolypin becomes Prime Minister.†¢ November 1: The Third Duma Opens. Mainly Octobrist, Nationalist, and Rightist, it generally did as it was told. The failure of the Duma causes people to turn away from liberal or democratic groups in favor of radicals. 1911†¢ 1911: Stolypin is assassinated by a Socialist Revolutionary (who was also a Police agent); he was hated by the left and the right. 1912†¢ 1912 - Two hundred striking workers shot during the Lena Goldfield Massacre; reaction to this sparks another year of unrest. The fourth state Duma is elected from a far broader political spectrum than the third as the Octobrist and Nationalist parties divide and collapse; the Duma and government are soon in heavy disagreement.†¢ 1912 - 14: Strikes begin to grow, with 9000 during the period; Bolshevik trade unions and slogans grow.†¢ 1912 - 1916: Rasputin, a monk and favorite of the Imperial family, accepts sexual favors for political influence; his carousel of government appointments creates great division.

Ethical Principles Are Applied When Considering Ethical...

Ethical principles are applied when considering ethical decisions. Autonomy and beneficence are two out of the seven ethical principles. Autonomy is basically the right, that a person can make decisions for herself; while beneficence is the act to benefit and avoid harm to others (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2013). In this case of ethical dilemma, a 17-year-old patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma wanted to stop her chemotherapy treatment. Although, the patient is displaying autonomy, she was under age at the time and her mother was her guardian. One would think her mother will go against her wishes of stopping her treatments, but in contrast her mother agreed to stop her chemotherapy. The court was involved in the case because the doctor advised against their wishes. The court then appointed a state guardian and the chemotherapy continued and the patient is now in remission (Macklin, 2015). In the latest new she now would like to be released from state custody and wants to continue and finish all her treatment (Briggs, 2015). The author selected this topic because, this ethical dilemma happens in the world all the time. Patient refused treatments or wished to end their life against the advises of medical professionals. The author, as a mother and someone who will seek all treatments possible to take care of her family. It is difficult for her to think that people who have the options to be cured gives up easily. The author is glad that the state court got involved in this ethicalShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Case Study Concerning Joelle1094 Words   |  5 Pageswill make their actions or decide on a particular thing on whether it is the right or the wrong thing. Ethical consideration is very important. It helps a person or a group of person understands whether the actions are right or wrong. 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Fundamental Principle Of Mental Health Care-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Fundamental Principle Of Mental Health Care? Answer: Introduction Schizophrenia is a disabling mental condition that affects a persons thinking process and capabilities and behaviour. The clinical manifestations of schizophrenia are poor memory and difficulties in being attentive (Marder Galderisi, 2017). The goals of managing schizophrenia are targeting the symptoms, improving adaptive functioning and preventing relapse (Patel, Cherian, Gohil, Atkinson, 2014). This assignment will incorporate the National Recovery Framework and Principles to explore the lived experience of mental health predicaments of Jeremy Oxley as depicted in the SunnyBoy documentary. Jeremy was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the peak of his music career and left the band. He became stigmatised, isolated and alcoholic for about 30 years. Fortunately, Jeremy met Griffiths Mary, a nursing professional, who helped change his circumstance through social support and medication (ABC, 2016). Firstly, this assignment will discuss the principle of the uniqueness of the individual. S econdly, it will explore the theme of real choices, self-determination and autonomy. Thirdly, it will discuss the principle of attitudes and rights. Fourthly, the paper will explore how the principle of dignity and respect is manifested in the SunnyBoy documentary. Fifthly, the easy will discuss the principle of partnership and communication. Finally, it will delineate the principle of recovery evaluation, feedback and reflection. The lived experience of mental health problems of Jeremy Oxley The lived experience of Jeremy Oxley buttresses the concept that recovery is not necessarily about the cure but having the ability to develop and live a meaningful life and contribute to the community. As narrated in the SunnyBoy documentary, Jeremy experienced stigma and isolation for many before he met Mary (ABC, 2016). Mary initiated Jeremys recovery by upholding the principle of the uniqueness of the individual. Based on this principle, recovery entails being a valued member of the community, personal empowerment and emphasis on the quality of life. Also, this principle notes that the recovery outcome is personal and unique for each person (Department of Health, 2010). These factors cause patients with schizophrenia to undergo the process of acceptance. In the process of acceptance, individuals assert that recovery from schizophrenia is an ongoing process due to its long-term nature, which can be described as coping. Coping involves regaining a sense of self when a person has con trol over their symptoms (Eklund, Hermansson, Hkansson, 2012). Reengagement follows this process. One study notes that patients who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia show signs of reengagement, mainly involving social interaction and setting goals like have a job and living independently (Phillips, 2008). In the SunnyBoy documentary, Mary helped Jeremy to regain self-control as well as in the process of reengagement. She was determined to link Jeremy to the other band members and his brother Peter. As such, social inclusion was an important principle in Jeremys recovery process. In the process of recovery, a patient should be allowed the opportunity to make decisions on issues that are fundamental to their lives. Throughout the recovery process, the patient should be supported to make real choices about how they want to lead their lives. This principle is portrayed in the lived experience of Jeremy because Mary promoted autonomy and self-determination (Department of Health, 2010). According to the documentary, Jeremy continued to write and play music even though he had been separated from the other members of the SunnyBoy band. In fact, Jeremy did not drop his passion for music for the 30 years he had schizophrenia. Due to this aspect, Mary supported him to make creative and meaningful decision of reviving the music career (ABC, 2016). Marys approach and decisions show that recovery-oriented mental health practice supports an individual to build on their strengths and take responsibility for their lives. Additionally, it shows a balance between the duty of c are and support for a person to take positive risks. There is further an aspect of informed risk-taking within a safe and supportive environment (Barnicot, Insua-Summerhayes, Plummer, Hart, Barker, Priebe, 2017). Through Marys support, Jeremy started to take responsibility for his life and regain focus. He took the risk to meet fellow band members and organise a gig and thus exhibiting the holistic nature of a person. Conclusively, Jeremy recovery can be associated with the support and empowerment to make creative decisions. The SunnyBoy documentary propagates the theme of attitudes and rights in recovery-oriented mental practice. Based on this theme, mental health practice should promote individuals legal, human and citizenship rights (Poreddi, Reddemma, Math, 2013). Besides, the theme insists on the importance of instilling hope in individuals about the future. Mary observed this principle by instilling hope in Jeremy. When Mary met Jeremy, he had lost hope about the future. Mary explained to Jeremy that he could still achieve the dream to spreading music around the world and have a meaningful life. Hope is an important element in managing individuals diagnosed with mental health illnesses (Davidson, Bellamy, Guy, Miller, 2012). Through hope, Jeremy was empowered and become hopeful that in future he could play music on an international stage. Apart from hope, the recovery process should value and uphold the rights of a patient. The recovery of Jeremy shows the importance of promoting human, civil and legal rights. The Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights preserves the right to access high-quality and safe healthcare (Department of Health Human Services, 2017). As narrated in the documentary, Mary took Jeremy to a doctor who designed a treatment plan. Medication was helpful for Jeremy in managing the symptoms of schizophrenia. Adherence to medication for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia might have positive effect on the patient (Higashi, Medic, Littlewood, Diez, Granstrm, De Hert, 2013). Evidently, the SunnyBoy documentary shows how hope and respect for individual rights help in the recovery of persons diagnosed with mental illnesses mainly schizophrenia. Dignity and respect have also been manifested in the SunnyBoy documentary. The dignity of each person in the community can be achieved when all people, even the marginalised, are treated and addressed as equals (Saxena Hanna, 2015). This principle encourages honest, courteous and respectful interactions. In addition, the principle advocates for the respect of each person, mainly for their beliefs, culture and values. Mary exhibited unwavering respect for Jeremy despite his mental condition. Also, she did not doubt the belief and values of Jeremy, specifically about being a musician. Responsiveness to diversity, where mental care entails delivering personalised care that is responsive to each persons values and circumstances, is important. The kind of care offered to Jeremy was responsive to his circumstances, values and beliefs. Further, the domain of respect and dignity discourages discrimination within the service and the broader community (Department of Health, 2010). When Jeremy was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the early age of his music career, he experienced self-denial and later discrimination from his fellow band members and family members. However, Mary challenged discrimination and drew Jeremy closer. According to Mary, Jeremy was a lovely person who was unmedicated and misunderstood. She notes that falling in love with Jeremy was normal and natural. Social relationships have been found to have beneficial impacts on health outcomes (PLoS Medicine Editors, 2010). Indeed, the relationship between Jeremy and Mary was important in the process of recovery. Their story shows how discrimination can be challenged to initiate and enhance recovery for persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. According to the National Recovery Framework and Principles, partnership and communication are an important theme in the recovery process. This domain encourages providers to work in collaboration with individuals to offer support in a manner that makes sense to them (Department of Health, 2010). The story of Jeremy and Mary is a clear example of the application of partnership and communication to promote recovery. Mary provided emotional, social and material support to Jeremy to aid the recovery from schizophrenia. Positive relationships enable patients with mental illness to cope with their condition and make progress in recovery (Evenson, Rhodes, Feigenbaum, Solly, 2008). Friends are very important because they offer the much-needed support in the recovery process. In the SunnyBoy documentary, Mary even agreed to stay in one house with Jeremy, which offered a suitable social environment for recovery. When the couple started living together, they started to communicate intensely s haring their experiences and aspirations (Oxley, Mary, Oxley, 2013). This aspect shows that patient-provider partnership and communication is fundamental in promoting recovery-oriented mental health practice. Finally, the national recovery principles emphasise on recovery evaluation, and reflection and learning. The mental health professional should get feedback from the persons accessing the service to evaluate the ongoing service improvement. On the other hand, individuals can track their own progress. Various outcomes can be used as indicators for recovery including employment, social and family relationships, employment, housing, health and well-being (Department of Health, 2010). Based on the SunnyBoy documentary, the indicators for Jeremys recovery are his social and family relationships, the revival of his music career and the ability to take personal responsibility. The SunnyBoy documentary delineates that recovery from mental illnesses is patient-centred and physician-patient relationship is essential for positive outcomes. Conclusion In conclusion, the SunnyBoy documentary presents a real example of schizophrenia prognosis and the application of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to manage the illness. The non-pharmacological interventions that were applied for Jeremy manifest the observation of the National Recovery Framework and Principles. The documentary explains how the theme of hope, self-autonomy, collaboration and partnership, focus on an individuals strength and social support can help to improve outcomes for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Jeremy recovered from schizophrenia because Mary challenged discrimination, instilled hope and supported him to make meaningful decisions. Evidently, recovery is not synonymous to cure but entails creating and living a meaningful life. References ABC. (2016). The Sunnyboy. Retrieved 9 19, 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/sunnyboy/ Barnicot, K., Insua-Summerhayes, B., Plummer, E., Hart, A., Barker, C., Priebe, S. (2017). Staff and patient experiences of decision-making about continuous observation in psychiatric hospitals. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 52 (4), 473-483. Davidson, L., Bellamy, C., Guy, K., Miller, R. (2012). Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience. World Psychiatry , 11 (2), 123-128. Department of Health Human Services. (2017). Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights. Retrieved 9 19, 2017, from https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/participation-and-communication/australian-charter-healthcare-rights Department of Health. (2010). Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice. Retrieved 9 19, 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-i-nongov-toc~mental-pubs-i-nongov-pri Eklund, M., Hermansson, A., Hkansson, C. (2012). Meaning in life for people with schizophrenia: Does it include occupation? Journal of Occupational Science , 19 (2), 93-105. Evenson, E., Rhodes, J., Feigenbaum, J., Solly, A. (2008). The experiences of fathers with psychosis. Journal of Mental Health , 17 (6), 629-642. Higashi, K., Medic, G., Littlewood, K., Diez, T., Granstrm, O., De Hert, M. (2013). Medication adherence in schizophrenia: factors influencing adherence and consequences of nonadherence, a systematic literature review. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology , 3 (4), 200-218. Marder, S., Galderisi, S. (2017). The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry , 16 (1), 14-24. Sunnyboy, T. (Producer). (2013). The Sunnyboy [Motion Picture]. Patel, K., Cherian, J., Gohil, K., Atkinson, D. (2014). Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options. Pharmacy and Therapeutics , 39 (9), 638-645. Phillips, J. (2008). The experience of hope in those diagnosed with schizophrenia: A qualitative study. ProQuest Database . PLoS Medicine Editors. (2010). Social relationships are key to health, and to health policy. PLoS medicine , 7 (8), e1000334. Poreddi, V., Reddemma, R. K., Math, S. B. (2013). People with mental illness and human rights: A developing countries perspective. Indian Journal Psychiatry , 55 (2), 117-124. Saxena, S., Hanna, F. (2015). Dignity- a fundamental principle of mental health care. Indian J Med Res , 142 (4), 355-358.

Managing The Managers Essay Example For Students

Managing The Managers Essay MANAGING THE MANAGERS: JAPANESE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE USA The article reviews one of the greatest difficulties that Japanese multinational companies face, that is integration of its subplants in other countries, where not just management is viewed as different, but also the general running of the mother companys, not to mention the cultural changes which may be faced when atempting to integrate into another country. The article reviewed attempts to do two things. Firstly, the authors explore the management self so as to give reasoning into the two different managing styles of the United States of America and that of infamous Japanese management. Secondly, the authors report their research on management self-conception and style in Japanese owned factories or transplants in the United States. The article is a summary of a large Japanese multinational companys intergration into the United States. This multinational opened 3 transplants in the same region of the United States. One of the transplants (Honshu manufacturing, which incidently seems to hold strategic significance as concluded by the massive capital investment of $300M) has a Japanese General Manager. The second, Honshu assembly holds and American born and raised General Manager. The third transplant is of an intereting nature as this is a Hybrid of Japanese and American management. The article begins with the facts involved when a firm of a more than a modest size is doing business in a foreign environment. It outlines the difficulties and failures that could be encountered when integration is involved. The article continues to inform us on how the article will be presented and the goals of the study at hand. The article is divided into 8 separate but relevant sections, these are: Introduction which talks about the methods used in the study and gives a brief rundown of the subject of Japanese and American management. Management in the Japanese transplants which talks a lot about previous surveys already concluded of which the nature is the same as the subject at hand. This subsection of the article also provides us with a history of the subject, as far back as 1976 . This section gives case example of previous studies made within the field of Japanese management and integration by Japanese multinationals. Mediating the selves. This section enables us to see what the Japanese managers thought of the American management style and likewise, what the American managers thought of the Japanese managerial system. Primary conclusion of the interviews enabled us to see that each side was very aware hat they were managing side by side with a foreign management ethos. Furthermore, the meanings each side attributed to various management practises meetings, plannings, everyday communication, differed dramatically and uncomfortably . From the interviews conducted , four variables were believed to have signifi cant effect on the management style of the managers, and these variables were critical in shaping management styles in the three electronic plants. These four variables are: the initial culture established by the parent company, the level of budgetary control exercised by the home office, the role and influence of the Japanese managerial assigness in the day to day management of the transplants, and the country of origin of the transplants general manager. Japanese-Dominant Transplant. Due to the large investment made by the parent company into this transplant, it is not surprise that Honshu manufacturing holds a very strong Japanese managerial presence. Upon start of production, the transplant had seventy-one Japanese assignees. Four years down the track, this number dropped to thirty-one, this by no means meant a weaker Japanese managerial system as of these thirty-one employees, ten of them held key managerial positions including General Manager and director of manufacturing. The reasons for this are considerably understanding as this was the first factory of its kind to be built by Honshu Corporation outside Japan. The authors noted from their interview that the control exerted by the Japanese managers was quite noticeable, as an American manager hired during the facilities building stage noted that the Japanese engineers were doing all the tasks and that he was just left to watching, without ask for opinion or decision. Aol Business Strategies EssayConclusion. Both Japanese and American managers forced to submit to an alien management style to their own admit frustration, stress and alienation. The managerial leadership at two of the firms openly admitted that they believed cross-national socialization as important, and paid not much attention to conflicts arising as the two different concepts of self and social process collided. When looking at the two management styles it is important to understand the cultural differences that make up the Japanese management style and the may I dare say common Western management style. This is very stereotypical, but works as a majority. The table brings forward facts that may help to point out what type of management can be associated with each of these:JAPANESEWESTERNMajor orientationFuture-OrientedPresent-orientedContinuity of employmentLife-time employmentLay-off as necessaryHierarchy in the companyPromotion by SenioritiesPromotion by competenceUtilisation of employeesNot fullyFully UtilisedBlue-collar / White collarSingle ClassDouble ClassExternal relationLong termShort termGroup relationshipKeiretsuOwnershipBasis of relationshipGive and takeMarket mechanismDecision makingCollectiveIndividualResponsibilityCollectiveIndividualAmbition of employeesPromotion within companyPromotion in other companyDreams/ GoalsHappily working togetherEfficiently working togetherAnalogy (system)OrganicalMechanicalThe Japanese management style is deductive and believes in insight and intuition. They believe in the power of logic and reasoning, they believe that which cant be seen or measured can exist, they do not break a whole down first into parts to analyze. Compare that with the Inductive American contructive reality belief that we believe in observing and measuring, the belief that that which cant be measured or seen does not exist, alongside the Joe Friday approach: Just the facts maam!Words/ Pages : 1,805 / 24